Le Référendum Législatif

Le référendum législatif est organisé à l'initiative du président de la République, soit sur proposition du gouvernement, soit sur proposition conjointe du pouvoir législatif. Le texte, alors soumis au référendum peut porter sur divers sujets.

Le Référendum Constituant

Le référendum constituant permet la révision de la Constitution. La révision constitutionnelle peut être initiée par le président de la République sur proposition du Premier ministre ou par le Parlement.

Dans le cadre de la procédure de révision, les deux branches de l’assemblée ont les mêmes pouvoirs. C'est pourquoi le projet ou la proposition de révision constitutionnelle doit être voté dans les mêmes termes par l'Assemblée nationale et le Sénat.

Le Référendum Local

Le référendum local permet au corps électoral de se substituer à l'assemblée délibérante d'une collectivité territoriale pour prendre une décision sur un sujet lié à la politique locale.

Ce type de référendum est ouvert à toutes les collectivités territoriales.

D'après les modalités fixées par la loi organique du 1er août 2003, le scrutin vaut décision s'il réunit les conditions suivantes :

• si la moitié (ou plus) des électeurs inscrits a pris part au scrutin ;

• s'il réunit la majorité des suffrages exprimés.

L'exécutif local est seul compétent pour proposer à l'assemblée délibérante l'organisation d'un référendum local.

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Partagée

Le référendum d'initiative partagée peut être lancé si une proposition de loi recueille le soutien :

• d'un cinquième des membres du Parlement ;

• d'un dixième des électeurs inscrits sur les listes électorales.

Attention, le référendum d'initiative partagée est différent du référendum d'initiative populaire ou citoyenne. Seul le premier existe en France, le second faisant partie des revendications de mouvements citoyens.

Le processus référendaire porte sur une nouvelle Constitution dont l’avant projet fait l'objet de débat national.

Le cadre normatif, à savoir le décret référendaire détermine les conditions de son organisation par l’organisme indépendant, le Conseil électoral provisoire.